Unit & Currency Conversion

9.1 Common unit conversions

1 km²     = 1 000 000 m²
1 tonne   = 1 000 kg
1 GWh     = 1 000 MWh = 1 000 000 kWh
1 billion = 1 000 million = 10⁹

9.2 Direct currency conversion

A → B:  amount in A × rate
B → A:  amount in B ÷ rate

Example: 1 GBP = 1.17 EUR. £3 500 → €4 095. €2 340 → £2 000.

9.3 Cross-currency conversion (via bridge)

Amount in C = Amount in A × rate(A→B) × rate(B→C)

Example: 1 USD = 0.93 EUR; 1 EUR = 7.46 DKK. $800 → 800 × 0.93 × 7.46 = 5 550.24 DKK.

9.4 Currency appreciation and depreciation

New rate = Old rate × (1 + change/100)   for appreciation
New rate = Old rate × (1 − change/100)   for depreciation

Example: 1 AUD = 0.62 USD. AUD appreciates 8%. New rate = 0.62 × 1.08 = 0.6696.